Although it is the older SLR and DSLR EF mount, the EF 50mm f/1.2L USM lens is the one I think is most comparable to the new 45mm lens. This is why I've preordered the new 45mm lens. The EF lens can be used on R series cameras with an adapter. I used it on a Canon R6 for a time back in 2023.
These lenses differ from one another in size, weight, build quality, image quality, maximum aperture, control features, element design, number of aperture blades, focus motor type, degree of weather sealing and cost. You can see a comparison chart at DPReview.com here. Keep in mind that DPReview is not known for the accuracy of its specifications.
The easiest difference to show visually is lens element design. I'll start with the two double Gauss design f/1.2 lenses then the other three 50mm RF lenses in order of cost.
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| RF 45mm f/1.2 STM 2025 9 aperture blades no weather sealing $470 |
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| EF 50mm f/1.2L USM 2006 8 aperture blades weather sealing $1,600 |
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| RF 50mm f/1.8 STM 2020 7 aperture blades no weather sealing $240 |
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| RF 50mm f/1.4L VCM 2024 11 aperture blades weather sealing $1,550 |
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| RF 50mm f/1.2L USM 2018 10 aperture blades weather sealing $2,600 |
Some of the cost (and quality) differences between the lenses are the manufacturing method of the lens elements. Ground elements are more expensive than molded elements and glass molded elements are more expensive than resin (plastic) molded elements. The most expensive of these lenses uses a lot of ground elements and glass molded elements. The new 45mm f/1.2 uses a resin (plastic) molded aspheric element, one reason it is less than a third the cost of the EF lens and less than a fifth the cost of the RF 50mm f/1.2L lens.
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